Imagery - visually descriptive or figurative language dealing with the five senses (=detection of external or internal stimulation), which all work together to help us create mental images of whatever we are reading: visual, auditory (hearing), tactile or haptic (related to the sense of touch), olfactory (smelling), and gustatory (tasting). Also other senses, such as kinesthetic (the sense though which we perceive the position and movement of our body, equilibrium and balance) or organic senses (refer to the sensory experiences connected with conditions like hunger, thirst etc.), vestibular (sense of balance and spatial orientation), cutaneous sense (what we feel through our skin: temperature, texture, pressure, vibration, and pain). The key to good imagery is engaging all five basic senses.

Enjambment is the poetic technique where the line breaks in a poem happen in the middle of a sentence. The tension comes from the fact that the poet's thought isn't finished at the end of a sentence which makes the reader want to keep reading to find out what happens. It's almost like the poet can't finish their thoughts fast enough. Sometimes enjambment can also create drama, especially when the following line isn't what the reader thought it would be.

Juxtaposition - the fact of two things (concepts, characters, ideas, or places) being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect, so that the reader will compare and contrast them.

Euphemism = word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant.

Hyperbole = extreme exaggeration to make a point or show emphasis, to dramatize, to stress the point. The opposite is understatement  (= represents something as smaller, less intense, or less important than it really is. Can be modest, polite, comedic)

Old Times on the Mississippi by Mark Twain contains an example of hyperbole to dramatize a feeling of helplessness: "I was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. I was quaking from head to foot, and could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far."

Understatement: In J. D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield says, "I have to have this operation. It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain."

Simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things in an interesting way. The object of a simile is to spark an interesting connection in a reader's or listener's mind.

Metaphor - one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in “a sea of troubles” or “All the world's a stage” ( Shakespeare )

Difference between metaphor and simile

The main difference between a simile and metaphor is that a simile uses the words "like" or "as" to draw a comparison and a metaphor simply states the comparison without using "like" or "as".

An example of a simile is: She is as innocent as an angel. An example of a metaphor is: She is an angel. Do you see the difference? The simile makes a direct comparison, the metaphor's comparison is implied but not stated.

An example of a simile:

As light as a feather

As blind as a bat

As innocent as a lamb

As tall as a giraffe

You were as brave as a lion.

They fought like cats and dogs.

They are as different as night and day.

She is as thin as a rake.

Last night, I slept like a log.

(It's been a hard days night, and I've been working like a dog. - "A Hard Day's Night," The Beatles)

Robert Frost's "Fire and Ice" short poem ironically downplays the end of the world through the use of understatement:

Some say the world will end in fire,

Some say in ice.

From what I've tasted of desire

I hold with those who favor fire.

But if I had to perish twice,

I think I know enough of hate

To say that for destruction ice

Is also great

And would suffice.

An example of how hyperbole emphasizes feelings and emotions can be found in the poem "As I Walked Out One Evening" by W.H. Auden:

    I'll love you, dear, I'll love you till China and Africa meet,

    And the river jumps over the mountain

    And the salmon sing in the street,

    I'll love you till the ocean

    Is folded and hung up to dry

    And the seven stars go squawking

    Like geese about the sky.

An example of a metaphor: "Hope Is The Thing With Feathers" by Emily Dickinson

    Hope is the thing with feathers

    That perches in the soul,

    And sings the tune without the words,

    And never stops at all.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_and_figurative_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Poetic_devices